摘要:【目的】喹諾酮類藥物和慶大霉素均為、廣譜抗生素,對(duì)大多數(shù)革蘭氏陽(yáng)性菌和革蘭氏陰性菌都具有顯著的抗菌效果,是中國(guó)畜牧業(yè)和水產(chǎn)業(yè)中常用的兩類獸藥。由于這兩類藥物在動(dòng)物源性食品中的殘留可能導(dǎo)致對(duì)人類健康的危害,因此,為了保護(hù)消費(fèi)者的健康,研究和制定動(dòng)物源性食品中同時(shí)檢測(cè)這兩類藥物的殘留檢測(cè)方法對(duì)完善中國(guó)的食品安全監(jiān)測(cè)體系具有重要意義?!痉椒ā拷⒘送瑫r(shí)檢測(cè)牛奶中13種喹諾酮類和慶大霉素殘留的膠體金免疫層析方法。利用獲得的喹諾酮類和慶大霉素單克隆抗體,采用檸檬酸三鈉還原法制備膠體金顆粒,并對(duì)這兩類抗體按比例進(jìn)行混合標(biāo)記。同時(shí),采用方陣法系統(tǒng)研究了膠體金標(biāo)記這兩類抗體時(shí)的pH值和抗體用量對(duì)靈敏度的影響,并對(duì)這兩類藥物抗原的包被條件進(jìn)行選擇確定。在此基礎(chǔ)上研發(fā)出可同時(shí)檢測(cè)牛奶中13種喹諾酮類藥物和慶大霉素的膠體金快速檢測(cè)試紙條,試紙條采用直接競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法原理?!窘Y(jié)果】該方法可同時(shí)檢測(cè)恩諾沙星、環(huán)丙沙星、諾氟沙星、氟甲喹、培氟沙星、氧氟沙星、依諾沙星、噁喹酸、麻保沙星、氟羅沙星、奧比沙星、達(dá)氟沙星和洛美沙星這13種喹諾酮類藥物和慶大霉素,對(duì)其他喹諾酮類藥物如:沙拉沙星、二氟沙星、司帕沙星、帕珠沙星等無(wú)交叉反應(yīng),同時(shí)對(duì)其他氨基糖苷類藥物如:鏈霉素、新霉素、卡那霉素也無(wú)交叉反應(yīng)。該試紙條對(duì)牛奶中這13種喹諾酮類藥物和慶大霉素的檢測(cè)限均為20 ng·mL-1,*國(guó)家對(duì)這兩類藥物的殘留*。牛奶樣本直接檢測(cè),無(wú)需處理,整個(gè)檢測(cè)過(guò)程5 min內(nèi)完成?!窘Y(jié)論】采用該方法和HPLC-MS/MS對(duì)60份牛奶盲樣進(jìn)行對(duì)比檢測(cè),陽(yáng)性樣品全部檢出,同時(shí)篩選方法未出現(xiàn)假陽(yáng)性和假陰性現(xiàn)象,二者的測(cè)定結(jié)果基本相符,表明該方法準(zhǔn)確可靠,適用于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)大批量樣本的快速檢測(cè)和篩選。實(shí)際操作過(guò)程中,可以采用膠體金免疫層析對(duì)樣品進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)快速初篩;篩選的疑似陽(yáng)性樣品,可以采用HPLC-MS/MS方法對(duì)樣品中QNS和GEN的含量進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)。
關(guān)鍵詞:喹諾酮類;慶大霉素;殘留;膠體金免疫層析
Development of a Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Technique for Simultaneous Detection of Quinolones and Gentamicin in Milk
LI Xiang-mei1,2,WANG Zhan-hui1,XIAO Xi-long1,WANG Zhao-peng2,WEN Kai1,WU Xiao-ping2, XIA Xi1,WU Jin-xiao3,JIANG Hai-yang1
(1College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193;2Beijing WDWK Biotechnology Company, Ltd., Beijing 100095;3Shanxi Institute of Feed and Veterinary Drugs Control, Shanxi 030027)
Abstract:【Objective】Quinolones and gentamicin are highly effective and broad-spectrum antibiotics. They have significant antibiotic effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and are widely used in agriculture in China. Because these two types of drug residues in foods of animal origin may cause harm to human health, therefore, in order to protect the consumers’ health, it is necessary to develop a detection method for simultaneous monitoring these two types of drugs residue level in food. A colloidal gold immunochromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous detection of 13 quinolones and gentamicin residues in milk.【Method】In this study, based on the quinolones and gentamicin monoclonal antibodies, the colloidal gold particles were prepared by sodium citrate reduction method, and mixed labeled with same ratio of these two types of monoclonal antibodies. The effect of pH and antibody amount for gold-antibody conjugation on the strip test sensitivity was investigated. Meanwhile, the coating condition of these two types of antigens was selected. A colloidal gold rapid test strip was developed to simultaneously detect 13 quinolones and gentamicin residue in milk on these bases, and the test strip using the principle of direct competition.【Result】The results showed that the method can simultaneously detect 13 quinolones and gentamicin. These 13 quinolones include enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, flumequine, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, oxolinic acid, marbofloxacin, fleroxacin, orbifloxacin, danofloxacin and lomefloxacin. The test strip has no cross-reaction to other quinolones such as sarafloxacin, difloxacin, sparfloxacin and pazufloxacin, etc. At the same time, it has no cross-reaction to other aminoglycosides such as streptomycin, neomycin and kanamycin. The limit of detection was estimated to be 20 ng·mL-1 in milk for both the 13 quinolones and gentamicin, since the detection test line on the strip test compley disappeared at this concentration. The detection limit for milk sample of these two types of drugs fully meets the detection limit requirements of China. Samples were detected directly without treatment, and the entire testing process was completed within 5 min.【Conclusion】A parallel analysis of quinolones and gentamicin in 60 blind raw milk samples conducted by HPLC-MS/MS showed comparable results to those obtained from the strip test. All positive samples were detected while false positive and false negative phenomenon did not appear with this screening method. The results demonstrated that the developed method is suitable for the onsite determination of quinolones and gentamicin residues in a large number of samples. Since this method provides only qualitative and semiquantitative results, the determined positive samples should be further confirmed by more sensitive methods such as HPLC-MS/MS.
Key words: quinolones; gentamicin; residue; colloidal gold immunochromatographic
0 引言
【研究意義】喹諾酮類(QNS)和慶大霉素(GEN)均為廣譜、抗生素,對(duì)大多數(shù)革蘭氏陽(yáng)性菌和革蘭氏陰性菌都具有顯著的抗菌效果,因此是農(nóng)業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)和水產(chǎn)業(yè)中常用的獸藥,也常被添加到飼料中促進(jìn)動(dòng)物的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育[1-2]。隨著這兩類藥物在畜牧養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的不斷應(yīng)用,其殘留問(wèn)題日趨嚴(yán)重,在動(dòng)物性食品中的殘留不僅危害人的身體健康,如QNS可引起惡心,嘔吐,影響軟骨發(fā)育,GEN具有耳毒性和腎毒性,還污染環(huán)境、影響新藥開發(fā)和臨床用藥,而且不利于養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的健康發(fā)展及畜禽產(chǎn)品的出口;更為嚴(yán)重的是動(dòng)物性食品中殘留較低濃度的藥物容易誘導(dǎo)人類致病菌產(chǎn)生耐藥性,不利于該類藥物對(duì)人類疾病的治療。為嚴(yán)格控制這兩類抗生素在動(dòng)物源食品中的殘留,保證人民身體健康,保證進(jìn)出口產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,提高中國(guó)畜產(chǎn)品的信譽(yù),中國(guó)*第235號(hào)公告對(duì)這兩類藥物在動(dòng)物源性食品中的zui高殘留*(MRLs)均作了明確規(guī)定[3]。因此,研究這兩類藥物的殘留檢測(cè)方法對(duì)中國(guó)的食品安全監(jiān)測(cè)具有非常重要的意義?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】目前國(guó)內(nèi)外用于動(dòng)物源食品中QNS和GEN殘留檢測(cè)的分析方法主要有微生物法[4]、放射化學(xué)法[5]、免疫分析法[6-10](包括放射免疫法、酶聯(lián)免疫法、熒光免疫法、免疫傳感器和蛋白芯片)、薄層色譜法[11]、毛細(xì)管電泳色譜法[12-13]、液相色譜法[14-16]、氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法[17]、液相色譜-質(zhì)譜法[18-20]等。微生物方法所需設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單、價(jià)格低廉, 適合于大批樣品的檢測(cè);但是該法存在菌種不易篩選, 影響因素復(fù)雜、檢測(cè)耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)、穩(wěn)定性差、度低、靈敏度低的特點(diǎn), 往往不能滿足目前實(shí)際檢測(cè)工作的要求。液相色譜、質(zhì)譜聯(lián)機(jī)等儀器方法靈敏度高,可以提供定量及確證分析,但是前處理復(fù)雜,需要昂貴的儀器,且對(duì)操作人員有專業(yè)的要求,不適合基層檢測(cè)分析?!颈狙芯壳腥朦c(diǎn)】免疫分析法是近年來(lái)快速發(fā)展的一種方法, 具有靈敏度高、特異性強(qiáng)、適用范圍廣、操作簡(jiǎn)便、快捷、成本低廉及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。膠體金免疫層析法與其他免疫方法如ELISA 相比,樣品前處理簡(jiǎn)單,不需任何儀器, 結(jié)果可在5—10min內(nèi)獲取,且對(duì)操作人員沒(méi)有專業(yè)要求,非常適合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)大批量樣本的篩選。但目前國(guó)內(nèi)外還未出現(xiàn)可同時(shí)檢測(cè)QNS和GEN兩類藥物的膠體金免疫方法的報(bào)道?!緮M解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題】建立同時(shí)檢測(cè)牛奶中QNS和GEN兩類藥物殘留的膠體金免疫層析方法。
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